C++ memory spaces

I have read through the C++ standard. However, what type of memory space are allocated and how it ties to scope and lifetime is not very clear. I will give my basic understanding but if gurus can either correct/enhance this with side rules/examples will help.

We will keep it simple to single threaded applications:

1. Heap - dynamic memory usually using new/malloc


2. Stack - e.g. where auto variables go


3. Static space -- where static variables go ?


4. Some other kinds of spaces used by the implementation NOT accessible to the program ?


5. what other memory space is available although the C++ standard refers to an abstract machine

SCOPE: Has to do with visibility of the identifier (i.e. name/reference)

LIFETIME: Start/end time of memory allocated/de-allocated

Other related question is any algorithms / white papers to re-write malloc etc.